A stock's historical variance measures the difference between the stock's returns for different periods and its average return. A stock with a lower variance typically generates returns that are ...

Learn what analysis of variance (ANOVA) is, how it works, and when to use it. See how it helps compare means across multiple data groups in statistics and research.

The implications of concentrating on the lowest moment(s) of average compound return over N periods in making investment decisions have recently been examined. In particular, maximization of expected ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

The approach of generalized estimating equations (GEE) is based on the framework of generalized linear models but allows for specification of a working matrix for modeling within-subject correlations.

Stock's historical variance measures its return stability over time. Higher variance indicates greater return unpredictability and risk. Calculate variance using Excel to simplify the process for ...