Graphene is a two-dimensional, one-atom-thick hexagonally organized material composed of sp2 carbon networks with strong covalent bonds. As graphene absorbs only 2.3 percent of incident light, it is ...

Carbon material characterization is essential across multiple industries, especially for ensuring the quality of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). This article examines the context and limitations of ...

Originating as a theoretical prediction in the 1940s, with experimental isolation from graphite in 2004, graphene has quickly become a desirable quantum material used in various application areas, ...

Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has become a highly prized material in electronics applications owing to its unusual electronic structure. 1 Although graphene is only composed of carbon atoms, ...

Definition:Raman Spectroscopy is a sophisticated analytical technique used to observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. This material characterization technique ...