A way to apply the output of certain sensors to a TTL/CMOS-level iput on a microcontroller. Sensor must have an NPN output stage that can support a pullup to its power rail. With just a few components ...

Some photoelectric sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and rotary encoders generate a digital dc output called a push-pull signal. The external environment activates the sensor, which, in turn, closes a ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. This 8051 microcontroller-based control circuit adjusts the speed of a small permanent-magnet dc motor via photosensors ...

Here is the circuit diagram of a simple steam sensor, wired around a handful of inexpensive components. This steam sensor can be connected to a microcontroller’s I/O port directly. The steam sensor ...

Inductive sensors are non-contact proximity sensors that detect ferrous targets, ideally ones made of mild steel thicker than one millimeter. They consist of four major components: a ferrite core with ...