All sorts of physical processes in this analog world exhibit some degree of randomness. Think of noise, for example. Many noisy processes are described by Gaussian probability distributions. We should ...

Data clustering is the process of grouping data items so that similar items are placed in the same cluster. There are several different clustering techniques, and each technique has many variations.

Every electronic circuit has some noise and it can affect both analog and digital circuits. Some noise comes from outside interference while some comes from random factors such as thermal effects.