Pioneering research led by Brazilians describes the immune system's reactions in detail in the first living patient to receive a genetically modified pig kidney transplant.

Peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls is sensed by multiple pattern-recognition receptors, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1), NOD2, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin ...

Genomic analyses have helped to reveal virus-specific differences in the way that viral recognition through pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) initiates intracellular signalling cascades. Whereas ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...

The human immune system is split into the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. Both systems work in harmony to protect us from infections and disease. Here, we discuss their ...

The tiny Australian drug company at the center of Rep. Chris Collins’ charge of insider trading has teetered on the edge of insolvency more than once over the past several years, and Collins, a ...