Circuit and system design requirements often mean compromises. For example, optoisolators are used almost everywhere, but they are highfrequency limited. This simple circuit allows for wider bandwidth ...

For circuit designs that use complementarybipolar transistors,you sometimes need to sort the NPNand PNP transistors to have matchingdc-current gains (β). One example of acircuit requiring matching is ...

CMOS current mirrors are pivotal in modern electronic circuitry, providing accurate current replication that is essential for biasing, amplification and active loading in a myriad of integrated ...

The Nature Index 2024 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...