Over millions of years, the Earth’s upper layers have performed a dance that has created mountains, volcanoes, continents, ridges and ocean trenches. Tectonic plates play a key role in this process.

Continental crust and granitic plutons -- Chemical composition of continental crust and the primitive mantle -- Origin of magmas of the Bowen's series -- Search for the formation mechanism of ...

Along 1,100 kilometers, from Mexico to Costa Rica, lies the Central American volcanic arc, where the variety of magma types make for a geological paradise. By Pablo Fonseca Q. / Knowable Magazine ...

The Earth's mantle might not always move along in lockstep with the overlying tectonic crust—as set out in science textbooks for decades—but may instead behave differently. This is the conclusion of ...

Memorizing seven continents feels settled, like learning the alphabet. A new study argues the ground rules are less tidy.