Analog transmission is not particularly efficient. When the signal-to-noise ratio of an analog signal deteriorates due to attenuation, amplifying the signal also amplifies noise. Digital signals are ...

Doing more with less in electronics often means improving power density. One of the new areas garnering attention involves applying a variety of advanced modulation techniques, including PWM and space ...

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...